Imeko ngokulinywa kwesesame e-Ethiopia

I. Indawo yokutyala kunye nesivuno

I-Ethiopia inomhlaba omkhulu, inxalenye yawo esetyenziselwa ukulinywa kwesesame. Indawo ethile yokutyala ithatha malunga ne-40% yendawo yonke yase-Afrika, kwaye imveliso yonyaka yesesame ayikho ngaphantsi kweetoni ezingama-350,000, ezibalelwa kwi-12% yemveliso iyonke yehlabathi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, indawo yokutyala isesame yelizwe iye yaqhubeka ikhula, kwaye imveliso iye yanda.

2. Indawo yokutyala kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo

Isesame yase-Ethiopia ikhuliswa kakhulu kwimimandla esemantla nakumantla-ntshona (efana neGonder, iHumera) kunye nommandla osemazantsi-ntshona (njengeWellega). Iindidi eziphambili zesesame eziveliswe kweli lizwe ziquka iHumera Type, Gonder Type, kunye neWellega, nganye ineempawu zayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-Humera Type idume ngokuvumba kwayo kunye nobumnandi, kunye nomxholo ophezulu weoli, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke ngokukodwa njengesongezo; ngelixa iWellega inembewu encinci kodwa iqulethe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50-56% yeoli, iyenza ilungele ukutsalwa kweoyile.

3. Iimeko zokutyala kunye neenzuzo

I-Ethiopia inemozulu efanelekileyo yezolimo, umhlaba ochumileyo, kunye nemithombo yamanzi amaninzi, ebonelela ngeemeko zendalo ezibalaseleyo zokulinywa kwesesame. Ukongeza, ilizwe linabasebenzi abanexabiso eliphantsi abakwaziyo ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yezolimo unyaka wonke, nto leyo egcina ixabiso lokutyala isesame lisezantsi noko. Ezi nzuzo zenza isesame yase-Ethiopia ikhuphisane kakhulu kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.

IV. Imeko yokuthumela ngaphandle

I-Ethiopia ithumela ngaphandle isixa esikhulu sesesame kwiimarike zangaphandle, kunye ne-China yenye yeendawo zayo eziphambili zokuthumela ngaphandle. Isesame eveliswa kweli lizwe ikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ithandwe kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle afana neChina. Njengoko imfuno yehlabathi yeesesame iqhubeka nokukhula, ukuthengiswa kwesesame yase-Ethiopia kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke ngakumbi.

Ukushwankathela, i-Ethiopia ineengenelo ezizodwa kunye neemeko ekulinyweni kwesesame, kwaye ishishini layo lesesame linamathuba abanzi ophuhliso.